How do I convert text to uppercase, lowercase or title case?
- 1Type or paste your text into the box (or tap “Try an example”).
- 2Tap a button: change the case, clean up spaces and lines, sort or remove duplicates, or make slugs.
- 3For find & replace or prefixes, type what to look for or add, then tap “Replace all” or “Add to every line”.
- 4Check the status line, tap Undo if you don't like a change, then copy the text or download it as a .txt file.
Which words stay lower case in title case?
- 01Title Case = capital first letter on every word, except a, an, the, and, but, or, for, nor, on, at, to, by, of, in, up, as, vs — unless first, last or after a colon
- 02Sentence case = lower case + a capital at the start of each sentence (after . ! ?) and each line
- 03Sort A → Z = your language's alphabet (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
- 04Slug = lower case → accents removed (Unicode NFKD) → anything else becomes “-”
- 05Shuffle = Fisher–Yates with your browser's secure random numbers
Title Case follows the common rule in the Chicago and APA style guides: the main words get a capital, while articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, but, or, nor) and short prepositions (of, in, on, at, to, by…) stay in lower case — except as the first or last word, or right after a colon. Words that already have a capital inside them, such as NASA, iPhone or McDonald, are kept as typed, and web addresses are left alone. A line typed in ALL CAPITALS is lowered first, so the rules can work. Style guides differ on a few words (Chicago lowers every preposition, APA capitalises words of four letters or more), so check a title against your own guide.
Upper and lower case follow the Unicode case rules, so German “ß” becomes “SS” and accented letters keep their accents (for languages with their own rules, such as Turkish dotted “İ”, the page language is used). Characters are handled as you see them: an emoji, a flag or a letter with accent marks is never split, so aLtErNaTiNg case and reverse text stay correct. Sorting uses your browser's Unicode collation for your language (in Swedish “ä” comes after “z”, in German beside “a”), and “Sort 1, 2, 10” compares numbers by value. Every change is saved as a step you can undo; the last 50 steps are kept in memory and nothing is stored or uploaded.
Good to know
- For a headline, try Title Case, then fix any brand names your style guide writes differently.
- Text copied from a PDF often breaks in the middle of sentences: use “Remove line breaks” with “Keep paragraphs” ticked.
- To clean a list, run Trim each line → Remove duplicate lines → Sort A → Z, in that order.
- Turn a list into code with a prefix of ' and a suffix of ', — or make a bulleted list with a prefix of “- ”.
Case converter and text tools: common questions
How do I change text from capital letters to small letters?
Paste your text and tap “lowercase”. To keep a capital at the start of each sentence, tap “Sentence case” instead. For the other way round, tap “UPPERCASE”.
Which words should not be capitalised in a title?
In title case, articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for) and short prepositions (of, in, on, at, to, by, up, as) stay in lower case unless they are the first or last word or come after a colon — for example “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”.
What is the difference between title case and sentence case?
Title case capitalises every main word (“How to Write a Great Title”). Sentence case only capitalises the first word and names, like a normal sentence (“How to write a great title”). Many websites and news sites use sentence case for headings.
How do I remove duplicate lines from a list?
Paste the list and tap “Remove duplicate lines”. The first copy of each line is kept and the order stays the same. Tick “Ignore capitals” to treat Apple and apple as the same line.
What are camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case?
Ways to write names in code without spaces: camelCase (firstName), PascalCase (FirstName), snake_case (first_name), kebab-case (first-name, common in web addresses) and CONSTANT_CASE (FIRST_NAME). Each line of your text becomes one name.
Is my text uploaded or saved anywhere?
No. Every change happens in your browser; nothing is sent to a server. The undo steps are kept only in this tab's memory and are gone when you close it.
Sources
- APA Style — Title case capitalization
- The Chicago Manual of Style Online — Capitalization, titles (Q&A)
- Unicode — Case mapping and character properties FAQ
- Unicode Standard Annex #15 — Unicode Normalization Forms
- MDN — String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase()
- MDN — Intl.Collator
Formulas last reviewed: September 30, 2026 ·How we check our formulas